Kondo effect in CeXc_{c} (Xc_{c}=S, Se, Te) studied by electrical resistivity under high pressure

We have measured the electrical resistivity of cerium monochalcogenices, CeS, CeSe, and CeTe, under high pressures up to 8 GPa. Pressure dependences of the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature $T_{N}$, crystal field splitting, and the $\ln T$ anomaly of the Kondo effect have been studied to cover the whole region from the magnetic ordering regime at low pressure to the Fermi liquid regime at high pressure. $T_{N}$ initially increases with increasing pressure, and starts to decrease at high pressure as expected from the Doniach's diagram. Simultaneously, the $\ln T$ behavior in the resistivity is enhanced, indicating the enhancement of the Kondo effect by pressure. It is also characteristic in CeX$_{c}$ that the crystal field splitting rapidly decreases at a common rate of $-12.2$ K/GPa. This leads to the increase in the degeneracy of the $f$ state and further enhancement of the Kondo effect. It is shown that the pressure dependent degeneracy of the $f$ state is a key factor to understand the pressure dependence of $T_{N}$, Kondo effect, magnetoresistance, and the peak structure in the temperature dependence of resistivity.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Radiosynthesis of 1-[2-[18F]Fluoro-1-(hydroxymethyl)-Ethoxy]methyl-2-Nitroimidazole([18F]FENI)

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付

Impact of inflammation-based prognostic score on survival after curative thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent improvements in early detection, progress in surgical techniques, and development of chemoradiation therapies, prognosis of esophageal cancer remains poor. The aim of the present study was to assess whether Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), an inflammation-based prognostic score, has prognostic value independent of conventional clinicopathological criteria in patients undergoing curative resection for esophageal cancer, even in elderly patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the database of 141 consecutive patients with histologically verified esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent potentially curative surgery in our institute, between January 2006 and December 2014. GPS and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, TNM stage (p < 0.0001) and GPS (p = 0.041) were independently associated with worse prognosis in overall patients with esophageal cancer.Multivariate analysis evaluated the prognostic factors in two different patient groups: patients younger than 70 years (non-elderly) and those aged 70 years or more (elderly).Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNM stage (p = 0.0003) was an only independent risk factor for a worse prognosis among non-elderly group. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNM stage (p = 0.001) and GPS (p = 0.043) were the independent risk factor for a worse prognosis among elderly group.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that GPS is associated with prognosis and can be considered as an independent prognostic marker in patients who underwent esophagectomy. Moreover, the GPS has the advantage of being simple to measure, routinely available and well standardized. But the present study failed to confirm the NLR as a significant predictor of survival following resection for esophageal cancer

Cell adhesion molecules nectins and associating proteins: Implications for physiology and pathology

Nectins have recently been identified as new cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) consisting of four members. They show immunoglobulin-like structures and exclusively localize at adherens junctions (AJs) between two neighboring cells. During the formation of cell–cell junctions, nectins function in cooperation with or independently of cadherins, major CAMs at AJs. Similar to cadherins, which are linked to the actin cytoskeleton by binding to catenins, nectins also bind to afadin through their C-terminal region and are linked to the actin cytoskeleton. In addition to nectins, there are nectin-like molecules (Necls), which resemble nectins in their structures and consist of five members. Nectins and Necls are involved in the formation of various kinds of cell–cell adhesion, and also play key roles in diverse cellular functions including cell movement, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Thus, nectins and Necls are crucial for physiology and pathology of multicellular organisms

Local Susceptibility Against Soft Errors in Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAMs) Analyzed by Nuclear Microprobes

A novel evaluation technique for soft errors in Mbit DRAMs (dynamic random access memories) has been developed using a 400 keV proton microprobe system. This technique, which is called soft error mapping, consists of a bit-state mapping image and a secondary electron mapping image, and can reveal the correlation between the incident position of protons and susceptibility against soft errors in DRAMs. Soft errors are found to be induced by proton incidence at 400 keV within about 6 μm around the memory cell in the case of DRAMs with a conventional well. The susceptible area against proton incidence is much larger than the memory cell size. It is found that the area within 4 μm around the memory cell is, in particular, highly sensitive to 400 keV protons. A threshold dose to radiation hardness is estimated by deterioration of the DRAMs during soft error mapping. A buried barrier layer, formed by high-energy ion-implantation, was found to control the charge collection of induced carriers and to suppress soft errors by 400 keV proton microprobes

Verifying Temporal Regular Properties of Abstractions of Term Rewriting Systems

The tree automaton completion is an algorithm used for proving safety properties of systems that can be modeled by a term rewriting system. This representation and verification technique works well for proving properties of infinite systems like cryptographic protocols or more recently on Java Bytecode programs. This algorithm computes a tree automaton which represents a (regular) over approximation of the set of reachable terms by rewriting initial terms. This approach is limited by the lack of information about rewriting relation between terms. Actually, terms in relation by rewriting are in the same equivalence class: there are recognized by the same state in the tree automaton. Our objective is to produce an automaton embedding an abstraction of the rewriting relation sufficient to prove temporal properties of the term rewriting system. We propose to extend the algorithm to produce an automaton having more equivalence classes to distinguish a term or a subterm from its successors w.r.t. rewriting. While ground transitions are used to recognize equivalence classes of terms, epsilon-transitions represent the rewriting relation between terms. From the completed automaton, it is possible to automatically build a Kripke structure abstracting the rewriting sequence. States of the Kripke structure are states of the tree automaton and the transition relation is given by the set of epsilon-transitions. States of the Kripke structure are labelled by the set of terms recognized using ground transitions. On this Kripke structure, we define the Regular Linear Temporal Logic (R-LTL) for expressing properties. Such properties can then be checked using standard model checking algorithms. The only difference between LTL and R-LTL is that predicates are replaced by regular sets of acceptable terms

Afadin requirement for cytokine expressions in keratinocytes during chemically induced inflammation in mice

Afadin is a filamentous actin-binding protein and a mediator of nectin signaling. Nectins are Ig-like cell adhesion molecules, and the nectin family is composed of four members, nectin-1 to nectin-4. Nectins show homophilic and heterophilic interactions with other nectins or proteins on adjacent cells. Nectin signaling induces formation of cell-cell junctions and is required for the development of epithelial tissues, including skin. This study investigated the role of afadin in epithelial tissue development and established epithelium-specific afadin-deficient (CKO) mice. Although showing no obvious abnormality in the skin development and homeostasis, the mice showed the reduced neutrophil infiltration into the epidermis during chemical-induced inflammation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of cytokines including Cxcl2, Il-1{beta} and Tnf-{alpha} were reduced in CKO keratinocytes compared with control keratinocytes during TPA-induced inflammation. Primary-cultured skin keratinocytes from CKO mice also showed reduced expression of these cytokines and weak activation of Rap1 compared with those from control mice after the TPA treatment. These results suggested a remarkable function of afadin, which was able to enhance cytokine expression through Rap1 activation in keratinocytes during inflammation

Novel electronic wave interference patterns in nanographene sheets

Superperiodic patterns with a long distance in a nanographene sheet observed by STM are discussed in terms of the interference of electronic wave functions. The period and the amplitude of the oscillations decrease spatially in one direction. We explain the superperiodic patterns with a static linear potential theoretically. In the k-p model, the oscillation period decreases, and agrees with experiments. The spatial difference of the static potential is estimated as 1.3 eV for 200 nm in distance, and this value seems to be reasonable in order that the potential difference remains against perturbations, for example, by phonon fluctuations and impurity scatterings. It turns out that the long-distance oscillations come from the band structure of the two-dimensional graphene sheet.Comment: Published as a LETTER in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter; 8 pages; 6 figures; Online version at http://www.iop.org/EJ/S/3/1256/0hJAmc5sCL6d.7sOO.BtLw/abstract/0953-8984/14/3 6/10